๏ปฟ

ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื˜ื‘ืข, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช โ€ข ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช


ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-50% ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช


ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช, ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื›-3500 ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืคื•ืช, ืืš ื’ื ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ

ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”  25-02-2019



ื—ื•ื•ืช ืœื•ืœื™ื ื’ืขืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื“ื•ืชืŸ ืจื•ื“ื™ืŸ

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืืœื™ื• ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช, ืืš ื’ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื ื–ืงื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ.

ยป ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ืย  ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืœืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื›-57 ืง"ื’ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”-OECD ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”, ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื›-30 ืง"ื’ ืœื ืคืฉ. ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื›-48 ืง"ื’ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื›-24 ืง"ื’ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ, ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื›-3,500 ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ ื ืืžื“ ื‘ื›-5.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ โ‚ช ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื›-17% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืคืช ื—ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›-56% ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-36 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื›-23 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ โ‚ช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ื™ื•ื (ื‘') ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื ื˜ - ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.

ื”ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ, ืฉื•ื‘, ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื” ืงื ื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื ื™ื ื•ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื’ื ื” ืœืžื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง.

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื ืช 2019, ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืงื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื ื•ื”ื”ื˜ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื• ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื ื•ื”ื”ื˜ืœื”.

ื‘ืฉืœื•ื—ืช ื”ืคื˜ื ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื˜ ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœ-40% ืœืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืœื ืชื‘ืขื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื˜.

ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ื, ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ื‘ืงื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืงื ื˜ ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื˜, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ืชืžื•ืจืช ืคืจืžื™ื” ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™. (105 โ‚ช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจืžื” ื' ื• โ€“ 125 โ‚ช ื‘ืจืžื” ื‘').

ื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืคื˜ื, ื”ื”ื˜ืœื” ื•ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืžื—ืœืช ื”ื ื™ื•ืงืืกืœ ืื• ื”ืกืœืžื•ื ืœื” ืœืขื•ื ืช 2019. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ื‘ืงื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืกืœืžื•ื ืœื” ืžื”ื–ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื™ื“ื™ืก ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ืžื•ืจื™ื•ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœืœื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื—ืœืช ื”ื ื™ื•ืงืืกืœ ืœืขื•ื ืช 2019 ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœืœื•ืœืŸ.

ื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉืœื ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื 20% ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืื™ืœื• ื™ืชืจืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 80% ืชืฉื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืœื”ืžืชืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื• ื”ืžืชื” ืฉื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืชืคืขื™ืœ ืงื ื˜ ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืขื• ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืžืชืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื“ืื’ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืคื’ืจื™ื, ื”ืจืคื“, ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื, ืงื ื˜ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืœื•ืช. ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœื•ืœ ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืชืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืœืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืœื•ืœ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืืฉ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืื•ื ืชื™ืช, ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืžื’ื“ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชืžื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื•ืœ ืขืงื‘ ื ื–ืงื™ ืืฉ, ืขืฉืŸ ืื• ืขืงื‘ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืื•ื ืชื™ืช ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืœ ืื• ืขืงื‘ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื‘ืจื“, ืกืขืจื”, ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืœื’. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ื–ืงื™ ืืฉ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืื•ื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืชืžื•ืจืช ืคืจืžื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ืžืงื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืชืืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื’ื“ืœ.












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